UNDERSTANDING PCOS: WHAT IT MEANS FOR YOUR LONG-TERM HEALTH
THE AUTHOR: KATE DAVIES
Kate Davies is a women's health consultant and the Clinical Lead for Woman's Health here at One Day Tests. Kate worked for over 30 years in the NHS as a specialist nurse in gynaecology, sexual and contraceptive health and fertility. Kate holds a first class honours degree in Women’s Health, and as a qualified fertility coach offers patients much needed emotional support as well as clinical advice.
INTRODUCTION
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects many individuals during their reproductive years. While it's often discussed in the context of managing your symptoms and your fertility, did you know that PCOS has broader implications for long-term health? Let's explore this in more depth.
WHAT IS PCOS?
PCOS is a condition characterised by hormonal imbalances that can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, excess hair growth, acne, for some women problems with weight management and sometimes difficulties trying to conceive. PCOS can also be associated with the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries, although not everyone with PCOS will have these cysts.
PCOS can have a significant impact on your day to day physical and emotional health, however beyond the immediate symptoms, PCOS can influence various aspects of long-term health.
LONG-TERM HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF PCOS
INSULIN AND DIABETES RISKS
Individuals with PCOS often experience insulin resistance, where the body's cells don't respond effectively to insulin production. This can lead to an increased blood glucose levels and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy which resolves after birth).
If you have PCOS, your risk of developing diabetes is increased if you are:
- Over 40 years of age
- Have a relative with diabetes
- Develop gestational diabetes
- Have a body mass index of over 30.
Your risk of developing diabetes may also be increased based on your ethnicity, for example the Asian population has an increased risk of diabetes.
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH
PCOS is linked to several risk factors for heart disease . Women with PCOS tend to have higher blood pressure which is likely to be related to insulin resistance and if you are overweight, rather than the condition itself. It is also common for women with PCOS to have elevated cholesterol levels. Both factors heighten the risk of heart disease over time.
ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
Irregular or absent menstrual periods can lead to a thickening of the uterine lining, increasing the risk of endometrial hyperplasia (abnormal cell growth) and, potentially, the risk of endometrial cancer. However, it is important to know that endometrial cancer is more common in post-menopausal women and the risk with PCOS remains low and routine screening is not required.
If you are consistently having long cycles (90 days or more) or, if you’re not having periods, medical interventions to induce periods, such as taking progesterone tablets, the contraceptive pill or using the hormonal coil if you’re not trying to conceive, helps to reduce this risk.
SNORING AND DAYTIME DROWSINESS
Some women with PCOS may experience tiredness and fatigue during the day. This may also be accompanied with their partner telling them that they are snoring at night. This condition is known as Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). If you or your partner feel that you may have OSA discuss this with your doctor and find out what treatment options may be available to you. Keeping a healthy weight will also help to reduce the likelihood of suffering with OSA.
MENTAL HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS
Living with PCOS can impact mental health, contributing to conditions like depression and anxiety. The physical symptoms, such as:
- Weight gain
- Acne
Can affect self-esteem and body image, underscoring the importance of holistic care that addresses both physical and emotional well-being.
MANAGING LONG-TERM HEALTH RISKS
While PCOS presents certain health challenges, proactive management can significantly reduce associated risks.
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE CHOICES
Engaging in regular physical activity and adopting a balanced diet can improve insulin sensitivity and aid in weight management. Talk to your doctor or dietician to get guidance on the right nutrition to effectively manage your condition. Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption should also form part of a healthy lifestyle plan.
REGULAR MEDICAL CHECK UPS
It is recommended that women with PCOS have yearly blood testing to monitoring blood sugar levels and cholesterol. This can help to detect and address potential issues early. It is also important to get your blood pressure checked annually.
MEDICAL TREATMENTS
Depending on your needs, your healthcare provider may recommend medications to:
- Regulate menstrual cycles
- Manage insulin resistance
- Address other specific symptoms.
MENTAL HEALTH SUPPORT
Seeking counselling or therapy can be beneficial in managing the emotional aspects of PCOS.
SUMMARY
Understanding PCOS and its potential long-term health implications empowers you to take proactive steps in managing your health. Collaborating with your doctor to develop a personalised care plan can make a significant difference in managing your condition.
Remember, you're not alone, and support is available to navigate the journey with PCOS. Why not book a consultation with one of our Female Health Specialist, who can help you to understand the long-term risks and help you to proactively manage your condition. You can also book a consultation and a blood test. We’ve got you covered!
PCOS is a condition characterised by hormonal imbalances that lead to irregular cycles, acne, weight management, conceiving and excess hair growth.
There are multiple long-term implications of PCOS such as Diabetes and Endometrial Cancer.
Regular check ups, healthier lifestyle choices and medical treatments are some ways to treat PCOS.
SPEAK TO A FERTILITY EXPERT
Your fertility journey is uniquely yours. You might be feeling uncertain, encountering challenges, or simply looking to take proactive steps, whatever stage you're at, we're here to help.
At One Day Tests , our Fertility Insights Blood Test offers a comprehensive evaluation of the hormones and organs that influence fertility.
You'll also benefit from a virtual consultation with one of our fertility specialists, who will walk you through your results, listen to your concerns, and offer personalised guidance for the next steps on your path.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
What is PCOS?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that may cause irregular periods, increased hair growth, acne, weight management challenges, and in some cases, difficulties with fertility.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms can include irregular periods, difficulty conceiving, excessive hair growth, weight gain, and acne
How does PCOS affect life?
Without the right support PCOS can contribute to mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, and poor body image. Symptoms like infertility, excess weight, and unwanted hair growth may be associated with social stigma, potentially impacting various aspects of life, including family dynamics, personal relationships, career, and community participation.
Can you still get pregnant with PCOS?
Yes, it is possible for women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) to become pregnant, though they may face certain fertility challenges due to irregular ovulation. As a hormonal condition, PCOS can disrupt the menstrual cycle, making it harder to conceive. However, with the right medical support and lifestyle changes, many women with PCOS are able to conceive—either naturally or with the assistance of fertility treatments.
